The Roman Empire was the post-Republican The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c. 509 BC, and lasted over 450 years until its subversion, through a series of civil wars, into the Principate form of government and the Imperial period phase of the ancient Roman civilization Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world, characterised by an autocratic An autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by a self-appointed ruler. The term autocrat is derived from the word autokratōr . Compare with oligarchy ("rule by the few") and democracy ("rule by the people") form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression), and the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe is bordered and around the Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is technically a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a completely separate.[5] The term is used to describe the Roman state during and after the time of the first emperor, Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus , was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 31 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 1] Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC, and between then and 31 BC was officially named Gaius Julius Caesar. In 27 BC the Senate awarded him the honorific.
The Roman Republic The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c. 509 BC, and lasted over 450 years until its subversion, through a series of civil wars, into the Principate form of government and the Imperial period, which preceded it, had been weakened and subverted Subversion refers to an attempt to overthrow structures of authority, including the state. It is an overturning or uprooting. The word is present in all languages of Latin origin, originally applying to such events as the military defeat of a city through several civil wars List of civil wars involving Rome. There were several Roman civil wars, especially during the time of the late Republic.[nb 2] Several events are commonly proposed to mark the transition from Republic to Empire, including Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar , (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire's appointment as perpetual dictator In the Roman Republic, the dictator , was an extraordinary magistrate (magistratus extraordinarius) with the absolute authority to perform tasks beyond the authority of the ordinary magistrate (magistratus ordinarius). The office of dictator was a legal innovation originally named Magister Populi (Master of the People), i.e. Master of the Citizen (44 BC), the Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic. It was fought between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the Roman colony of Actium in Greece. Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius (2 September 31 BC), and the Roman Senate's granting to Octavian the honorific An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes the term is used not quite correctly to refer to a title of honor (honorary title). It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the Augustus Augustus , Latin for "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable", was an Ancient Roman title, which was first held by Caesar Augustus and subsequently came to be considered one of the titles of what are now known as the Roman Emperors. The feminine form is Augusta (4 January 27 BC).[nb 3]
Roman expansion began in the days of the Republic, but reached its zenith under Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from A. D. 98 until his death in A. D. 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province (modern day Spain), Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along. At this territorial peak, the Roman Empire controlled approximately 6,5 million km²[6] of land surface. Because of the Empire's vast extent and long endurance, Roman influence upon the language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and government of nations around the world lasts to this day.
In the late 3rd century AD, Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles (Greek: Διοκλῆς) and commonly known as Diocletian (pronounced /ˌdаɪ.ɵˈkliːʃən/), was Roman Emperor from 20 November 284 to 1 May 305. Born to a Dalmatian family of low status, he rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the emperor Carus. After the established the practice of dividing authority between four co-emperors, in order to better secure the vast territory. During the following decades the empire was often divided along an East/West axis. After the death of Theodosius Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great (Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ and Θεοδόσιος ο Μέγας), was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern and Western Roman Empire. After his death, the two parts split in 395 it was divided for the last time.[7]
The Western Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire was the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire collapsed in 476 as Romulus Augustus Romulus Augustus , more known by his nickname Romulus Augustulus (Little Augustus), was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from the 31 October 475 until his deposition on the 4 September 476. His deposition is used to mark the end of the Western Roman Empire, the fall of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Middle Ages (historically called was forced to abdicate by Odoacer Odoacer , also known as Odovacer, was a Germanic foederati general and the first non-Roman ruler of Italy after AD 476. He deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus on 4 September of that year, but continued to rule first as a nominal client of Julius Nepos and, after Nepos' death in AD 480, as a client of the Emperor in.[8] The Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, was the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on the capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors. It was called the Roman Empire, and also as Romania , by its inhabitants and its neighbours. As the distinction between "Roman Empire" and "Byzantine Empire" is purely a endured until 1453 with the death of Constantine XI and the capture of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire which occurred after a siege laid by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II. The siege lasted from Thursday, 5 April 1453 until Tuesday, 29 May 1453 , when the city fell to the Ottomans. Constantinople was defended by the army of Emperor by the Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Reliable information about the early history of the Ottomans is scarce. According to some sources , the leader (khan) of the Kayi tribe of the Oguz Turks, Ertugrul, left Persia in the mid-thirteenth century to escape the led by Mehmed II Mehmet II ,(also known as el-Fātiḥ (الفاتح), "the Conqueror", in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet; Known as Mahomet II in early modern Europe) (March 30, 1432, Edirne – May 3, 1481, Hünkârçayırı, near Gebze) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Rûm until the conquest) for a short time from 1444 to.[9]
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NerveAgent
Sat, 02 Jan 2010 21:16:32 GM
Compared to the united . Roman Empire. of centuries past, Byzantium was both. When it decided to wage war, the ancient . Roman Empire. was able to combine well-trained military forces raised from its huge manpower reserves with sheer warlike ...
Q. i want to write a paragraph about what the barbarians did to effect the fall of the roman empire anyone? what year did the barbarians attack the roman emprie? Why did the barbarians attack the roman empire?
Asked by TD - Sat Sep 5 14:41:00 2009 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments
A. They were one of meany reason the empire failed, they put too much stress on the already weak empire, at this point in time Rome was having economic problems and most citizens began to stop paying taxes, which the government relied on heavily. People began to become angry with the the government mainly the emperors who were spending the tax money on themselves rather than for the good of the empire, so intern people stopped paying. Without the much needed flow of tax money the government quickly became bankrupt and was no longer capable of supporting military campaigns against the invading barbarians. In order to try and fix this problem the military hired mercenaries to fight for them at a cheaper cost, but these new cheap mercenaries… [cont.]
Answered by Soccerguy136 - Sat Sep 5 14:53:34 2009
